# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

import io, sys, codecs

# to read in utf-8
input_stream = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdin.buffer, encoding='utf-8')

# to read cp-1251
input_stream = sys.stdin

# to write utf-8, sys.stdout.detach() == byte stream
sys.stdout = codecs.getwriter("utf-8")(sys.stdout.detach())